Suchergebnisse

Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diseases, which are widely recognized in the world. More and more CHMs are becoming increasingly popular in the international markets. However, the quality control of CHMs is a significant issue for their acceptance and recognition in the international market. This review mainly focuses on the quality requirements for CHMs to enter the European Union (EU) market. Both Chinese and European regulations and quality controls are compared. Firstly, the EU medicinal regulatory system and relevant regulations were reviewed. Secondly, the key factors of the quality control of CHMs, including Chinese herbal drugs, extracts and products were compared with those of European herbal medicines in the EU market. Subsequently, three main registration routes for herbal medicinal products including Chinese herbal medicinal products entering the EU were introduced. Furthermore, the legal status of traditional Chinese medicine granules in the EU was also discussed. Through the comparison of the key quality factors for CHMs in China and the EU, the similarities and differences in terms of quality requirements and regulations are addressed, which provides a reference for the development of CHMs into the EU market. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-022-00583-x.

The WTO Institutional Structure and Dispute Settlement Practice -- China's Practice in WTO Dispute Settlement -- China's Special Member Status in WTO Dispute Settlement Practice -- Application of the Protocol on the Accession of China in WTO Dispute Settlement Practice -- Evaluation and Re-Evaluation of the Features of China's Practice in WTO Dispute Settlement.

The purpose of the study is to identify the ways to improve the public acceptance for nuclear energy investment in energy importing countries. In this framework, 4 different factors are identified that have an infiuence on this situation. After that, consensus model is applied for obtaining the fuzzy preference relations at the most consistency level. Next, the criteria are weighted by usingDEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methodology based on the Spherical fuzzy sets. Additionally, another evaluation has also been made by considering the Pythagorean fuzzy sets to check the consistency and coherency of the analysis results. It is identified that the results of both Spherical and Pythagorean fuzzy sets are almost the same. This situation gives information about the consistency of the analysis results. Also, sensitivity analysis is also applied by using the different values of ffi with 4 cases. It is determined that there is significant coherency in the consensus-based group decision-making process. The findings indicate that security conditions play the most crucial role to improve the public acceptance for nuclear energy investments in energy importing countries. In addition, it is also identified that economic benefit and environmental issues also have importance infiuence on this situation. It is recommended that countries should be able to convince their citizens that nuclear energy is safe. Within this context, necessary measures should be taken for security in nuclear power plants and this situation should be clearly explained to citizens. It is obvious that priority should be mainly given to the security issues to improve public perception of nuclear energy investments in energy importing countries. One of the issues most worried by the public is the possibility of an explosion of the nuclear reactor. Hence, for this purpose, the nuclear power plant should be open to international inspection. ; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; Outstanding Youth Project of Scientific Research of Hunan Provincial Department of Education; Project of Hunan Social Science Achievement Evaluation Committee in 2020